What makes up about 1% of saliva?

• A. Large organic molecules (proteins, glycoproteins, lipids)
• B. Small organic molecules (glucose & urea)
• C. Electrolytes
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Saliva’s solid portion, making up about 1% of its mass, is a diverse mix of substances. In this small fraction you find large organic molecules like proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids that contribute to lubrication, immune protection, and other functions; small organic molecules such as glucose and urea that reflect metabolic activity and can serve as energy sources or substrates; and electrolytes—ions that help with buffering, mineral balance, and osmolality. Because all these types contribute to the solid content, the 1% fraction comprises all of the above. This combination supports the protective, digestive, and buffering roles of saliva in the oral environment.