Which type of caries progresses rapidly in the elderly due to gingival recession exposing root surfaces?

• A. Root caries
• B. Pit and fissure caries
• C. Occlusal caries
• D. Recurrent caries

Answer: (A)

Root caries. When gingival recession exposes the cementum and dentin of the tooth root, there is no protective enamel barrier. Root surfaces are less mineralized and have dentinal tubules that allow acids and bacteria to spread more quickly, so demineralization can advance rapidly once caries begin. In older adults, decreased salivary flow and altered plaque control further reduce the natural defenses, accelerating progression. In contrast, pit and fissure caries occur on chewing surfaces where enamel is present, occlusal caries likewise develop on enamel-covered areas, and recurrent caries form adjacent to restorations—none of which are driven specifically by exposure of root surfaces.